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What Causes Traumatic Brain Injuries?
Nearly any kind of accident or act of violence can lead to a traumatic brain injury (TBI), including the following:
- Car accidents
- Truck accidents
- Motorcycle accidents
- Boat accidents
- Pedestrian accidents
- Workplace accidents
- Physical assaults
Types of Head Injuries
There are many different types of brain injuries. Some of the most common include the following:
- Concussion, also known as mild brain injury, involves changes to brain function caused by the brain impacting the inside of the skull
- Edema, or swelling of brain tissues caused by injury
- Diffuse axonal injury, is caused by the shearing of nerve cells in the brain due to traumatic forces on the head or body
- Skull fractures, can damage brain tissues
- Hematoma, or the pooling or clotting of blood in or around the brain caused by a ruptured blood vessel
- Hemorrhage, or uncontrolled bleeding within the brain
- Hypoxic/anoxic brain injury, or brain damage caused by reduced or eliminated oxygen flow to the brain
Symptoms of a Brain Injury
The symptoms of a brain injury depend on the type and severity of the injury.
For example, a mild brain injury may present any of the following symptoms:
- Headaches
- Nausea or vomiting
- Fatigue
- Speech problems
- Dizziness
- Mood changes
- Blurred vision
- Ringing in the ears
- Sensitivity to light or sound
- Feeling dazed or confused
- Concentration or memory issues
- Depression or anxiety
Common symptoms of moderate to severe brain injuries include the following:
- Loss of consciousness
- Persistent or worsening headaches
- Persistent nausea and vomiting
- Seizures
- Dilated pupils
- Clear fluids draining from the ears or nose
- Loss of coordination
- Profound confusion
- Weakness or numbness in hands and feet
- Inability to be woken up